A gastroscopy is an exam used to detect changes or abnormalities in the oesophagus (gullet), stomach and first part of the small bowel (duodenum). During a gastroscopy, a long, flexible tube (gastroscope) is inserted into the mouth. A tiny video camera at the tip of the tube allows the doctor to view the inside of the oesophagus, stomach and small bowel. Usually, biopsies are taken in order to help diagnose your condition. You are asleep (under sedation) during the procedure and will not be aware of the examination

A colonoscopy is an exam used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large bowel (colon) and last part of the small bowel (ileum). During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube (colonoscope) is inserted into the bottom. A tiny video camera at the tip of the tube allows views of the inside of the bowel.

If necessary, polyps or other types of abnormal tissue can be removed through the scope during a colonoscopy. Tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken during a colonoscopy as well. You are asleep (under sedation) during the procedure and will not be aware of the examination.

In certain cases we will need to assess parts of your small bowel that can not be reached with a gastroscopy or colonoscopy. In these cases, your doctor might recommend a capsule endoscopy or ‘pill camera’.

This is a small camera that sits inside a vitamin sized pill which is swallowed under the supervision of a gastroenterologist. After it is swallowed it passes through the digestive tract taking thousands of photos. The photos are sent to a recording belt that you wear for the duration of the study. The belt is then returned to the doctor who can interpret the images and the capsule is passed with stool into the toiled - often without you realising. You can go about your normal day whilst undertaking this study.

This test is not able to take samples of your small bowel (biopsies) and a follow up procedure may be necessary if an abnormality is detected.

Intestinal ultrasonography is performed through the abdominal wall (externally) by a gastroenterologist who has been specifically trained in this technique. You might be referred for an intestinal ultrasound by your gastroenterologist or GP in order to assess the health of your bowel and look for signs of inflammation, poor movement, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or the pattern of your stool in your bowel. It can also be very helpful in assessing the state of your inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative colitis). It does not replace the need for a colonoscopy but is a very useful tool for all patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.